| ## Ant Foraging By Liviu Panait

This is a simulation of artificial ants foraging from a nest, discovering a food source in the face of obstacles, and then establishing a trail between the nest and food source. The model uses two pheromones which set up gradients to the nest and to the food source respectively. The pheromones evaporate and diffuse as well.

A two-pheromone model is likely not biological; and the version here is an early version of our work, but later versions of the work produced a series of papers showing a strong relationship between ant pheromone algorithms and dynamic programming.

- http://cs.gmu.edu/~eclab/papers/panait04pheromone.pdf
  A Pheromone-Based Utility Model for Collaborative Foraging. Liviu Panait and Sean Luke. In AAMAS 2004.
- http://cs.gmu.edu/~eclab/papers/panait04ant.pdf
  Ant Foraging Revisited. Liviu Panait and Sean Luke. In ALIFE 9.
- http://cs.gmu.edu/~eclab/papers/panait04learning.pdf
  Learning Ant Foraging Behaviors. Liviu and Sean Luke. In ALIFE 9.

For more papers, see the EC Lab website.